Perioperative visual loss (POVL) is a rare, but devastating complication of non-ocular surgery, occurring in < 1% of cases on average. Primary causes include ischemic optic neuropathy (ION), central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), and cortical blindness (CB). Guided by the American College of Surgeons Quality Improvement Framework (ACSQIF), this project utilized a data set from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database filtered by ICD-9, ICD-10, and CPT codes. Secondary data analysis was performed on a sample of 168 POVL cases and 4,087 control cases to identify risk factors for POVL. Initially, 58 variables were included for univariate analysis, from which 19 were utilized for multivariate analysis. Significant findings from multivariate analysis were surgical specialty (cardiac/thoracic [OR = 9.024, p < 0.0001], neurosurgical [OR = 5.796, p < 0.0001], and vascular [OR = 38.07, p < 0.0001]), non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (OR = 0.532, p = 0.0301), presence of preoperative bleeding disorder (OR = 1.762, p = 0.0283), total operative time (OR = 1.002, p = 0.0438), unplanned reoperation (OR = 4.237, p < 0.0001), and operation year (OR = 0.896, p = 0.0005). The findings highlight the complex multifactorial influences that contribute to the development of POVL as well as the need for risk reduction strategies.